Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, autoimmune disorder marked by scaling and inflammation on the skin resulting from excessive cell growth. Due to this ailment, red rashes and white scales can manifest on various body parts, especially on the elbows, knees, scalp, nails, etc. Ordinarily, the skin undergoes a gradual renewal process, with cells shedding approximately every four weeks and being replaced by new ones. However, in psoriasis, this natural cycle is disrupted and leads to the rapid movement of new skin cells to the surface within just a week. This causes skin inflammation and patients experience itching, dryness, and scaly rashes, on the skin.
In particular, T cells, a special type of immune cell, release inflammatory proteins (cytokines) within the skin. As a reaction to this protein release, the body produces new skin cells at an accelerated rate which surpasses the normal rate, leading to the formation of lesions and plaques. Psoriasis can be of various types, each presenting distinctive characteristics and each type requires tailored treatment and care for effective management.
- Pustular psoriasis – It is a rare type that displays pus-filled blisters in widespread patches or on the palms and soles.
- Plaque psoriasis – It is the most common type marked by itchy, dry, scaly patches on areas like the scalp and joints.
- Guttate psoriasis – This type affects children and young adults where drop-shaped spots resulting from bacterial infections.
- Nail psoriasis – It specifically impacts nail health, causing pitting, discoloration, and abnormal growth.
- Inverse psoriasis – It affects skin folds with smooth, red patches aggravated by factors like sweat and friction.
- Erythrodermic psoriasis – It is the rarest form that presents a peeling and itchy rash covering the entire body.